Musa acuminata
szalámi fűszerkeverék
Musa acuminata - Wikipedia. Musa acuminata is a species of banana native to Southern Asia, its range comprising the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Many of the modern edible dessert bananas are from this species, although some are hybrids with Musa balbisiana . [4]. Musa Acuminata - Banán Info. Musa Acuminata jellemzői. Nagy méretű, évelő növény, amelyre jellemzők a hosszú, széles levelek. A Musa Acuminata fa akár 6-9 méter magasra is megnőhet. A levelek hossza is jelentős, elérheti a 2-3 métert. Azonban érdemes megjegyezni, hogy a banánpalánták általában alacsonyabbak, körülbelül 1,5-2 méter magasak.. Törpe banán (Musa sp.) gondozása, nevelése - Virágbarát. A törpe banán, azaz Musa acuminata, egy banánféle, amely sokakat megtéveszt, ugyanis nem fás növény, hanem egyszikű. Az eredeti élőhelye Dél-Ázsia nedves trópusi területei, India, Indonézia, Fülöp-szigetek. A vadon élő változata hoz termést, míg a termesztett triploid változata nem.. Cavendish banana - Musa acuminata Dwarf Cavendish | Plants | Kew. Musa acuminata Cavendish banana Family: Musaceae Other common names: 香蕉 (Chinese, traditional), banane . The banana is one of the worlds favourite fruits. Thousands of years of domestication of the bananas wild ancestor has led to the delicious, edible fruit that is consumed by millions worldwide today.. The banana (Musa acuminata) genome and the evolution of .. Here we describe the draft sequence of the 523-megabase genome of a Musa acuminata doubled-haploid genotype, providing a crucial stepping-stone for genetic improvement of banana.. Musa acuminata (Banana) - Gardenia. Musa acuminata is one of the common producers of the fruit that we find in the grocery stores. Award-winning Dwarf Cavendish grows up to 5-10 ft. (150-300 cm) and can be grown as a summer bedding plant or in a container. Grows up to 12-20 ft. tall (360-600 cm) and 6-10 ft. wide (180-300 cm).. A törpe banán (Musa acuminata) ültetése, gondozása, szaporítása .. A törpe banán (Musa acuminata) egy lenyűgöző növény, amely nemcsak trópusi hangulatot varázsol otthonunkba, hanem számos érdekességgel és érdekes történettel is rendelkezik. Nézzünk meg néhány érdekes tényt és történetet a nagyvilágból a törpe banánnal kapcsolatban!. Banana - Wikipedia. The scientific names of most cultivated bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, and Musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific name for this hybrid, Musa sapientum, is no longer used.. Musa Acuminata - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. Banana ( Musa acuminate) is a popular fruit worldwide due to its flavor, texture, nutritional value, and convenience of being easy to peel and eat [20]. It contains a lot of nutrients and minerals that are beneficial to health. Its vitamin C content, which is regarded as a familiar antioxidant, is 15%.. The phased telomere-to-telomere reference genome of Musa acuminata, a .. Musa acuminata is a main wild contributor to banana cultivars. Here, we reported a haplotype-resolved and telomere-to-telomere reference genome of M. acuminata by incorporating PacBio HiFi.. Musa Acuminata - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. Musa acuminata belongs to the family Musaceae, in the order Zingiberales
leylandi tuja
. The family Musaceae has three genera, Musa, Ensete and Musella (Constantine and Rossel, 2001), of which Musa is represented by 65 species encompassing the wild and domesticated bananas and plantains.. Pharmacological and metabolomic profiles of Musa acuminata . - Nature. Musa acuminata (MA) is a popular fruit peels in the world. Non-food parts of the plant have been investigated for their antioxidant and anti-ulcerative colitis activity.. Evolution of the Banana Genome (Musa acuminata) Is Impacted by Large .. M. acuminata is divided into six to nine subspecies ( banksii, burmannica, malaccensis, microcarpa, zebrina, burmannicoïdes, truncata, siamea, and errans) which diverged following geographical isolation in distinct Southeast Asian continental regions and islands ( Daniells 2001; Perrier et al. 2009 ).. (PDF) A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemical, Nutritional, and .. Last Updated: 25 Dec 2023. PDF | Introduction: Musa acuminata, Musaceae, popularly known as banana, is a perennial tree-like herb cultivated in many tropical and subtropical. | Find, read .. Musa acuminata - North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. This herbaceous perennial is a member of the banana family (Musaceae). The genus name is derived from the Arabic name for the fruit, mauz. The species epithet means "acuminate or coming to a sharp point." More commonly known as the banana, this species encompasses both wild and cultivated banana plants.. Musa acuminata - Wikipedia. Die Musa acuminata ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Bananen ( Musa) in der Familie der Bananengewächse (Musaceae). Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Beschreibung 2 Verbreitung 3 Systematik 4 Nutzung 5 Genetik 6 Quellen 6.1 Einzelnachweise 7 Weblinks Beschreibung Blütenstand mit Blüten Es folgt die Beschreibung der Wildform:. Musa acuminata - Plant Finder - Missouri Botanical Garden. Musa acuminata, called Cavendish banana, is a large, fast-growing, suckering, evergreen plant that typically grows to 12-20 tall in the tropics. Many of the bananas sold in St. Louis grocery stores are from cultivars of this species or from hybrids in which this species is a parent.. ENH-568/ST409: Musa spp.: Banana - EDIS. Musa coccinea has brilliant red bracts, while Musa rosea has pink bracts. Both hold up very well as cut flowers. Musa acuminata, Dwarf Cavendish, is one of the best fruit cultivars. It has large bunches with large fruit and the plants small size makes it easier to protect from wind. The tall-growing Ladyfinger has small bunches of small .. Whole genome sequencing of a banana wild relative Musa itinerans .. There are about 60 species in the Musa genus and some of them have been utilized in banana resistance improvement, for instance, a wild non-edible accession of M. acuminata ssp. burmannica was .. Musa acuminata | Improving the understanding of banana. Musa acuminata Colla 1 is a wild species of banana best known for being at the origin of the vast majority of cultivated bananas, by itself or through hybridization with Musa balbisiana. It donated the so-called A genome found in the cultivated bananas that have the following genomic formulae: AA, AB, AAA, AAB and ABB.. Banana plant as a source of valuable antimicrobial compounds and its .. 1 INTRODUCTION. The banana is a herbaceous plant with three genera (Musa, Musella, and Ensete) that belong to the Musaceae family (Probojati et al., 2021).Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana are the main species that produce edible bananas (Brown et al., 2017).According to their ploidy, bananas are classified as diploid (AA and AB), triploid (AAA, AAB, and ABB), or tetraploid (AAAA, AAAB, and .. Musa acuminata: From Daily Normal Eating to Treating . - ResearchGate. Musa acuminata (Musaceae) is a tropical and subtropical perennial tree-like plant that grows in various tropical and subtropical locations throughout the world. Because of its nutrient-dense diet .. Musa acuminata (Banana) - position, watering, fertilization, pruning. Musa acuminata, commonly known as the wild banana or banana plant, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Musaceae family. This tropical plant is native to Southeast Asia, with its origins traced back to the jungles of Malaysia and Indonesia.. Genome-wide in-silico analysis of ethylene biosynthesis gene . - Nature. The expression profile of Musa acuminata genes in root under normal and low levels of nitrogen and potassium shows that MaACS14 and MaACO6 expressed highly at normal nitrogen supply. MaACS1 .. バナナ | Musa acuminata | かぎけん花図鑑. バナナ（Banana、学名：Musa × paradisiaca）はインドやマレー半島原産で、バショウ科バショウ属の大型常緑多年草です。食用となる熱帯果実が成ります。 茎のように見えるのは葉鞘部が重なり合った偽茎で、先端に10枚ほどの葉を叢生します。夏から秋に、葉の中心から1～1.5m長さの花茎が .. Musa acuminata Colla | Species - India Biodiversity Portal. Large cormous herbs, stoloniferous. Pseudostem 3.5 m high, 15-25 cm diam. Leaves 2-2.5 m long, 30-50 cm wide; petiole 30-50 cm long. Spikes drooping. Peduncle and rachis hairy. Bracts completely covering the flowers, 15-20 x 4.5-5 cm, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers 15-16 per bract in 2 rows; perianth united into 2 cymbiform spathes, outer longer.. Chuối rừng - Wikipedia tiếng Việt. Chuối rừng (danh pháp hai phần: Musa acuminata) là loài chuối dại bản địa của vùng Đông Nam Á.Cùng với Chuối hột, đây là tổ tiên của các loài chuối hiện đại
virágkötő okj
. Loài này được mô tả lần đầu vào năm 1820 bởi nhà thực vật học người Ý Luigi Aloysius Colla. Cây chuối rừng. Musa acuminata Dwarf Banana, Edible banana PFAF Plant Database. Musa acuminata is a PERENNIAL growing to 3 m (9ft 10in). See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 9 and is frost tender. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs). Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils.. The R2R3-MYB gene family in banana (Musa acuminata): Genome-wide . - PLOS. The M. acuminata R2R3-MYB genes were functionally categorised, leading to the identification of seven clades containing only M. acuminata R2R3-MYBs. The encoded proteins may have specialised functions that were acquired or expanded in Musa during genome evolution.. Musa acuminata Zebrina (Stripe-Leaved Banana) - Gardenia. Among the most ornamental bananas, Musa acuminata Zebrina (Stripe-Leaved Banana) is a dwarf, suckering evergreen perennial boasting red-splashed, paddle-shaped leaves, 6-10 ft. long (180-300 cm). Erect spikes of cream to yellow flowers adorned with showy red-purple bracts appear seasonally on mature plants (2-3 years old). They are followed by small, inedible, dark maroon bananas.. Musa acuminata (AA Group) Lakatan - Springer. Agroecology. Bananas and plantains including lakatan banana are adapted to the warm and humid tropics and subtropics between latitudes 30°N and 30°S. It thrives best in areas with mean annual temperature of 26-30°C. It will tolerate mean maximum temperature of 35-37°C
időkép külföld
. Banana is frost sensitive. At low temperatures of 16°C growth is .. Saba banana - Wikipedia. Saba banana (pron. sah-BAH or sahb-AH), is a triploid hybrid banana cultivar originating from the Philippines.It is primarily a cooking banana, though it can also be eaten raw.It is one of the most important banana varieties in Philippine cuisine.It is also sometimes known as the "cardaba banana", though the latter name is more correctly applied to the cardava, a very similar cultivar also .. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of wild banana (Musa .. Ethnopharmacological relevance: Musa acuminata, the wild species of banana is a plant of the tropical and subtropical regions
polarizált napszemüveg éjszakai vezetéshez
. Over the past few decades, the health benefits of M. acuminata have received much attention. All parts of the plant including fruits, peel, pseudostem, corm, flowers, leaves, sap and roots have found their use in the treatment of many diseases in traditional medicine.. Musa acuminata - Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. Musa acuminata é uma das duas principais espécies de bananeira, M. acuminata e M. balbisiana, que deram origem à maioria das variedades de banana cultivadas no mundo. A diversidade genética destas plantas é tal, e as variedades selecionadas e cultivadas são tantas, que já não se conseguem identificar as características originais da .. The banana (Musa acuminata) genome and the evolution of .. Here we describe the draft sequence of the 523-megabase genome of a Musa acuminata doubled-haploid genotype, providing a crucial stepping-stone for genetic improvement of banana. We detected three rounds of whole-genome duplications in the Musa lineage, independently of those previously described in the Poales lineage and the one we detected in .. Banana (Musa acuminata): Most popular and common Indian plant with .. Musa acuminata (Musaceae) is a tropical and subtropical perennial tree-like plant that grows in various tropical and subtropical locations throughout the world. Because of its nutrient-dense diet .. Musa balbisiana genome reveals subgenome evolution and . - Nature. Banana cultivars (Musa ssp.) are diploid, triploid and tetraploid hybrids derived from Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. We presented a high-quality draft genome assembly of M. balbisiana with .. The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Banana ( Musa acuminata . - PLOS. The Musa acuminata chloroplast genome was assembled with chloroplast reads extracted from whole-genome-shotgun sequence data. The Musa chloroplast genome is a circular molecule of 169,972 bp with a quadripartite structure containing two single copy regions, a Large Single Copy region (LSC, 88,338 bp) and a Small Single Copy region (SSC, 10,768 .. Musa × paradisiaca - Wikipedia. Musa × paradisiaca is the accepted name for the hybrid between Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana.Most cultivated bananas and plantains are triploid cultivars either of this hybrid or of M. acuminata alone
hogyan lettem gengszter imdb
. Linnaeus originally used the name M. paradisiaca only for plantains or cooking bananas, but the modern usage includes hybrid cultivars used both for cooking and as dessert bananas.. Musa acuminata Colla | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science. The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical Asia. It is a herbaceous tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as animal food and a medicine, has social uses and for food. Taxonomy. Images. General information. Distribution. Accepted Infraspecifics. Publications.. Genetic diversity and population structure of Musa accessions in ex .
időkép applikáció
. Banana cultivars are mostly derived from hybridization between wild diploid subspecies of Musa acuminata (A genome) and M. balbisiana (B genome), and they exhibit various levels of ploidy and genomic constitution. The Embrapa ex situ Musa collection contains over 220 accessions, of which only a few have been genetically characterized. Knowledge regarding the genetic relationships and diversity .. Bananier dintérieur (Musa) : entretien, arrosage, rempotage. En été, l arrosage doit être fréquent et régulier. Ne laissez jamais le substrat se dessécher, maintenez-le toujours humide mais non détrempé. En hiver, réduisez les arrosages. Arrosez simplement pour éviter que le substrat se dessèche en totalité. Le Bananier dintérieur a besoin dune bonne humidité atmosphérique pour se .. Musa acuminata Zebrina - Plant Finder - Missouri Botanical Garden. Musa acuminata, called Cavendish banana, is a large, fast-growing, suckering, evergreen plant that typically grows to 12-20 tall in the tropics. Many of the bananas sold in St. Louis grocery stores are from cultivars of this species or from hybrids in which this species is a parent. Gardeners in St. Louis primarily grow these plants not for .. Törpe banán - Wikipédia. törpe banán(Musa acuminata) egyszikűek (Liliopsida) osztályának gyömbérvirágúak (Zingiberales) rendjébe, ezen belül a banánfélék (Musaceae) A törpe banán déli részéről, valamint a Fülöp-szigetekről, Indonéziából Malajziából, Srí Lankából Thaiföldről betelepítették. A sokfelé termesztik.. NParks | Musa acuminata (AAA Group)Dwarf Cavendish. It is a dwarf banana plant, which grows only about 1-3 m tall. Its leaves are large and flat with very short petioles. Its pseudostems are short, made of tightly packed leaf sheathes. The true flowers are hidden in dark purple bracts. The Dwarf Cavendish bananas are about 15-25 cm long. Ethnobotanical Uses.. Banana Plant Dwarf Lady Finger (Musa acuminata) - Logees. The 4-5" fruit is sweet and delicious. Give this one plenty of warmth, sun, water and fertilizer and in no time youll be harvesting a bountiful crop. $29.95. 4" Pot Size. SKU. R1973-4. In stock 65 available. Shipping Note: Cannot be shipped to HI. Add to Cart.. Red Banana Tree Care: How To Grow Musa Acuminata. Musa Acuminata Care Size & Growth
dcm vivisol
. This fast-growing giant herb grows from a rhizome, with a false trunk 10 to 12 feet tall made of leaf sheaths emerging from partial or completely buried corms. Black or brown spots adorn this otherwise green pseudostem At the top of the false trunk is a rosette of 10 to 12 leaves.. Bio-properties of Saba banana (Musa saba, ABB Group . - Nature. Among the economically important banana cultivars in the Philippines, foremost of which is Saba (Musa saba[Musa acuminata × Musa balbisiana]), an ABB genome group, which accounts to more .. Musa acuminata × balbisiana (AAB Group) Silk - Springer. Male bud intermediate shape, bract with obtuse split apex, red-purple externally and internal surface red. Flower compound tepal yellow or cream with pink pigmentation, style curved at a base, stigma orange and ovary cream. Average bunch weight is 10-14 kg with 5-9 hands and 12-16 fingers per hand.. Frontiers | Cancer Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Banana and .. Borges et al. proposed that parental combinations of banana genotypes of M. acuminata and M. balbisiana may be chosen for hybrid production.The biofortification of Musa spp. produced diploid, triploid, and tetraploid hybrids which contained higher amounts of bioactive compounds than non-hybrid plants. Several studies have reported catechin, epicatechin, and gallocatechin as major compounds in .. Frontiers | Identification and analysis of lignin biosynthesis genes .. Phylogenetic analysis of lignin biosynthesis genes from Musa acuminata genome. Analyses of the evolutionary relationships of lignin synthetase genes from Musa acuminata, Arabidopsis, rice, and other plants have been functionally verified.The phylogenetic tree was analyzed by MEGA6 using the method with 1000 bootstrap replicates and the evolutionary distances were calculated using the Poisson .. Male meiosis and pollen morphology in diploid Indonesian . - Springer. The genus Musa L. consists of about 70 species [], of which Musa acuminata Colla (A genome) and M. balbisiana Colla (B genome) are the leading representatives of cultivated bananas [].Most of the bananas wild relatives are diploid with 2n = 2x = 22 chromosomes [], whereas cultivated forms can also be triploid or tetraploid as resulted from intra- or interspecific hybrids.. Taxonomy browser (Musa acuminata) - National Center for Biotechnology .. Musa acuminata subsp. truncata Musa acuminata var. breviformis Disclaimer: The NCBI taxonomy database is not an authoritative source for nomenclature or classification - please consult the relevant scientific literature for the most reliable information.. High-quality genome assemblies for two Australimusa bananas (Musa spp .. Bananas (Musa spp.) are monocotyledonous plants with high genetic diversity in the Musaceae family that are cultivated mainly in tropical and subtropical countries.The fruits are a popular food, and the plants themselves have diverse uses. Four genetic groups (genomes) are thought to have contributed to current banana cultivars: Musa acuminata (A genome), Musa balbisiana (B genome), Musa .. Musa acuminata Zebrina - Plant Finder - Missouri Botanical Garden. Musa acuminata, called Cavendish banana, is a large, fast-growing, suckering, evergreen plant that typically grows to 12-20 tall in the tropics. Many of the bananas sold in St. Louis grocery stores are from cultivars of this species or from hybrids in which this species is a parent. Gardeners in St. Louis primarily grow these plants not for .. Cavendish Banana (Musa acuminata) · iNaturalist. Musa acuminata is a species of banana native to Southeast Asia. Most of the modern edible dessert bananas belong to this species, although some are hybrids with Musa balbisiana. First cultivated by humans at around 8000 BC, it is one of the early examples of domesticated plants.. Blood banana - Wikipedia. The blood banana (Musa acuminata var. zebrina), is a variety of the wild banana Musa acuminata native to Sumatra, Indonesia.The blood banana is an ornamental plant, named for the dark red patches on its leaves, though its small-seeded fruits are also edible.It grows 6 to 8 tall in the wild, but is well-adapted to container growing and can be maintained at 3 to 5.. Musa acuminata - Useful Tropical Plants - The Ferns. Musa acuminata is an evergreen, perennial, herbaceous plant growing around 3 metres tall [
idokep bakonynána
. 417. ]. The leaves can be 2 metres long and 60cm wide [. 418. ]. The plant produces a clump of large pseudostems up to 30cm in diameter at the base, that make it appear rather tree-like. These stems grow up from a perennial stoloniferous rootstock [.. Improvement of the banana " Musa acuminata - BioMed Central
jeremy ne hagyj el
. Recent advances in genomics indicate functional significance of a majority of genome sequences and their long range interactions. As a detailed examination of genome organization and function requires very high quality genome sequence, the objective of this study was to improve reference genome assembly of banana (Musa acuminata). We have developed a modular bioinformatics pipeline to improve .. Dwarf Cavendish banana - Wikipedia. Dwarf Cavendish banana. The Dwarf Cavendish banana is a widely grown and commercially important Cavendish cultivar. The name "Dwarf Cavendish" is in reference to the height of the pseudostem, not the fruit. [1] Young plants have maroon or purple blotches on their leaves but quickly lose them as they mature.. Musa acuminata - Monaco Nature Encyclopedia. The Musa acuminata Colla (1820) is a monocotyledon, herbaceous plant, rhizomatous, caespitose, with a short and underground stem and a pseudostem, formed by the foliar bases wrapping strictly one on each other, up to about 4 m of height, of green colour, with wide brown or black spots. The pseudostem ends in a tuft of oblong leaves, up to 2,3 m .. Musa acuminata - Improving the understanding of banana. Musa acuminata ssp
retro rádió balaton frekvencia
. burmannica1 is the name of a subspecies of Musa acuminata, the wild species involved in the domestication of the vast majority of cultivated bananas. It is one of the four main subspecies of Musa acuminata that contributed to the genetics of edible bananas2 3. Musa acuminata ssp. burmannica is an accepted name in Hakkinen and Vares chekclist of Musa names4, but is .. Blood Banana, Musa acuminata Zebrina, Monrovia Plant. Musa acuminata Zebrina Pronunciation: MEW-sa ze-BRI-na. SKU #06194. USDA Zone. 10-11. Your climate might be too cold for this plant: Change Location. Pre-Order for Spring Find In Store. Add To Wishlist. OVERVIEW. OVERVIEW; Description: Exotic and lush, with spectacular blue-green leaves mottled with a deep blood red. Large, heavy clusters of .. How To Care For Your Banana Plant (Musa Acuminata) - Romeo & Succulent. Make sure that the plants are kept moist but well-drained to avoid root-rot. As a general rule, once the top 4cm or so of the soil feel dry, the plant needs another good drink. Overly dry conditions (often associated with the heating in our modern homes) can also damage the delicate leaves of these plants, so make sure to keep humidity high for .. Taxonomy browser (Musa acuminata) - National Center for Biotechnology .. Musa acuminata: taxonomy/phylogenetic: PLANTS Database (USDA/NRCS) Musa acuminata (Colla) herbarium/museum collections: PlantaeDB, University of Bucharest: 2 records from this provider: taxonomy/phylogenetic: Plants of the World Online: Musa acuminata: taxonomy/phylogenetic: The International Plant Names Index: Musa acuminata Colla: taxonomy .. Musa Balbisiana - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. The term "banana" is also used as the common name for the plant Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla, which produce the fruits. Cavendish and Plantain are the subgroups of Musa acuminata, dominant in international banana market even though several varieties of banana exist including Grande naine, Williams Lacatan, Poyo and Petite .. Frontiers | Physiological Analysis and Transcriptome Sequencing Reveal .. The salinization of soil is a widespread environmental problem. Banana (Musa acuminata L.) is a salt-sensitive plant whose growth, development, and production are constrained by salt stresses. However, the tolerance mechanism of this salt-sensitive banana to salt stress is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of NaCl treatment on phenotypic, physiological, and .. Musa acuminata Colla - World Flora Online. Musa acuminata Colla, Mem. Gen. Musa 66. 1820; M. cavendishii Lamb. ex Paxton. Hierbas, 4 7 m de alto. Lámina de las hojas 1.5 3 m de largo, no firme y no fácilmente lacerada por el viento. Brácteas de la inflorescencia lanceoladas a angostamente ovadas, rojas o purpúreo opacas o amarillas por fuera, rosadas o purpúreo opacas o amarillas por dentro; flores masculinas blanco cremosas.. Musa acuminata - Plant Finder - Missouri Botanical Garden. Musa acuminata, called Cavendish banana, is a large, fast-growing, suckering, evergreen plant that typically grows to 12-20 tall in the tropics. Many of the bananas sold in St. Louis grocery stores are from cultivars of this species or from hybrids in which this species is a parent. Gardeners in St. Louis primarily grow these plants not for ..